Demonstratives
What Is It?
Demonstratives refers to this, that, these, and those used to point to people, things, or ideas.
A1-A2 reference topic in Determiner System.
Why Use It?
- Show distance in space, time, or conversation.
- Connect a noun to something visible or already mentioned.
- Contrast singular and plural references.
Formation and Patterns
| Use | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Near singular | this + singular noun | This exercise is short. |
| Far singular | that + singular noun | That answer was correct. |
| Near/far plural | these/those + plural noun | These notes help; those notes are old. |
Common Mistakes
- Mixing number: say "these books," not "these book."
- Using this/that with plural nouns.
- Forgetting that demonstratives can stand alone: This is useful.
Exceptions & Nuances
- Distance can be emotional or textual, not only physical.